Australian Competition And The Consumer Act -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Australian Competition And The Consumer Act? Answer: Introducation It is to be expressed that the lead or activity of involved with an agreement will be held to be unconscionable if such direct resists great direct and is viewed as absurd. The arrangement of unconscionable direct in any case, is equivocal as there are no away from of it gave by the law (Knapp, Crystal and Prince 2016). It is to be referenced that the statement of unconscionable lead is administered by the customary law of Australia. Timetable 2 of the Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 likewise administers the arrangement of unconscionable lead. Segment 21 of the Australian Consumer Law expresses that an agreement ought to be marked by a shopper, just on the off chance that he totally comprehends the particulars of such agreement. In any case, such guideline remains constant for composed agreements. An individual managing the securing and gracefully of merchandise will be respected to have led in an unconscionable way on the off chance that he neglects to act in accordance with some basic honesty or force any preposterous terms on the more fragile gathering. Unconscionable lead will likewise be said to host been shown by the more grounded gathering on the off chance that he utilizes undue effect on the more vulnerable gathering to go into such agreement. Subsection 21(3) makes reference to that the court will consider the conditions which are sensibly predictable to a sensible man in deciding if the subsection of the previously mentioned act has been penetrated. It very well may be expressed by subsection 4c that the court will evaluate the conditions of the agreement and the execution of obligations of the gatherings in deciding if any unconscionable direct was displayed by both of the gatherings. Moreover it very well may be said that the court may likewise evaluate the conditions of the gatherings when the agreement was framed. Intercession of value is basic and unavoidable in specific conditions as indicated by customary law to ensure the interests of the more vulnerable gathering to an agreement. Anyway value intercedes in condition where one of the gatherings exploits handicap of the more fragile gathering. On the off chance that it is built up that one of the gatherings proposed to shape the agreement on unforgiving standing which were probably going to make severe outcomes for the more vulnerable gathering, such gathering has the option to repeal the agreement. The case, Louth v Diprose High Court of Australia (1992) 175 CLR 621; [1992] HCA 61 arrangements with the proviso of unconscionable direct. For this situation the respondent had genuinely extorted the offended party to purchase a house for her. The litigant had exploited the offended parties affections for her. Be that as it may, after their relationship fizzled and the two dropped out the offended party began lawful procedures against the respondent and asserted the house back. The court held that the offended party reserved each privilege to guarantee the house back. The activity of the respondent was held to be unconscionable as she had genuinely extorted him to purchase the house and such lead made an environment of emergency and was not important to be displayed in actuality. Another significant case managing a similar arrangement is Blomley v Ryan (1956) 99 CLR 362. For this situation the litigant had consented to purchase from the offended party a homestead. The offended party consistently used to be inebriated because of liquor consumption and was 78 years old. The court held that offended party didn't have the ability to settle on a method of reasoning judgment about the choice to sell the plot of land as he was affected by liquor. The thought sum was additionally well beneath the market cost. Business Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447; [1983] HCA 14 in this noteworthy case tended to a significant issue corresponding to unconscionable direct showed by a gathering. The respondent had incited the offended parties to go about as underwriters of a credit taken by the litigant. The guardians of the litigant were Italians and in this way had almost no comprehension of the English language. It was held by the court that the litigants reserved the option to repeal the agreement as the respondents direct was considered to challenge great lead and in this manner intercession of value was important. Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd [2013] HCA 25 is a generally ongoing case managing a similar arrangement. The High court of Australia deciphered area 51 AA OF THE Trade Practices Act 1947 and applied the equivalent in the previously mentioned case. In any case, the previously mentioned area was canceled and supplant by the segment 20 of the Australian rivalry and customer act 2010. For this situation the offended party had an enthusiasm for betting. The court held that the propensity for betting didn't establish an exceptional incapacity or weakness and in this way the topic of unconscionable direct didn't emerge. Application In this picked contextual investigation Rofi is an outcast from Burma who has shown up in Australia. He doesn't have legitimate comprehension of the English language. Rofi had gone into an agreement with the specialist of Bolton Connect Pty Ltd, John. It is to be referenced that John had known about the way that Rofi doesn't great order or comprehension of the English language. He had instigated him to go into the agreement. Consequently in this situation the court will break down and evaluate the condition of Rofi at the hour of going into the agreement. The court will evaluate the manner in which the conditions of the agreement were done. Despite the fact that it was referenced to him, that in the event that he chooses to cancel the agreement he would be at risk to take care of a punishment of 1200 dollars, it can't be normal that he had totally comprehended the previously mentioned condition as he didn't have appropriate comprehension of the English language and needed specialized information. Further it is to be expressed that the specialist John approached interpreter gadgets which he didn't utilize while clarifying the particulars of the agreement Rofi as he was in a rush to meet his objectives. Along these lines, in the wake of talking about and examining the realities of the case, it tends to be expressed that John had shown unconscionable lead when he endeavored to prompt Rofi into entering the agreement. The court can apply the arrangement as expressed in segment 21(4) of the Australian Consumer Law so as to build up unconscionable direct. The previously mentioned arrangement expresses that court must think about the conditions of the gatherings at the hour of agreement development. It can additionally be set up by the discoveries and the choices of the courts in the cases talked about over that Rofi has the privilege to rescid the agreement as he didn't comprehend the shrouded punishment charge of the agreement. Rofi in this circumstance was presented to an adverse situation by John who had attempted to exploit his incapacity. End In this, all in all it very well may be said that an agreement had shaped between Bolton Connect Pty Ltd. what's more, Rofi. Anyway such agreement was entered in to by Rofi due the unconscionable lead of John and in this manner Rofi has the option to revoke the agreement without taking care of any punishment charge. References Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Blomley v Ryan (1956) 99 CLR 362 Business Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447; [1983] HCA 14 Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd [2013] HCA 25 Knapp, C. L., Crystal, N. M., Prince, H. G. (2016). Issues in Contract Law: cases and materials. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Louth v Diprose High Court of Australia (1992) 175 CLR 621; [1992] HCA 6

The Advantages and Disadvantages of One Mass Media Essay Example

The Advantages and Disadvantages of One Mass Media Essay Example The Advantages and Disadvantages of One Mass Media Paper The Advantages and Disadvantages of One Mass Media Paper Point: The preferences and burdens of one broad communications Writing In the advanced twenty-first century, media has assumed an imperative job of people’s day by day life. Among numerous sorts of broad communications like TV, paper, books†¦ the Internet stands apart to be one of the most significant and fundamental sorts of media, even considered as the most critical one. The Internet has extraordinarily advantage human in the cutting edge life since the principal day of its reality, notwithstanding having been existing for just a single century, substantially less than other sort of media, for example, the radio and the TV, the Internet has demonstrated itself to be compelling, advantageous and engaging to its clients. The first to make reference to is that Information has been made accessible effectively in light of this awesome innovation. Web indexes, sites committed to various subjects and huge measure of articles and papers are accessible for everybody in a matter of few moments. Regardless of whether this data is about the most recent news happenings on the planet or data about your preferred VIP, everything is accessible readily available. With this lodging instrument of data, individuals can't just effectively improve their insight, yet in addition spare a lot of time of perusing many books at the library or doing some thorough investigates. This huge measure of data is especially very significant to understudies who need it for their school subjects and further investigation in their preferred subjects. Besides, presently numerous books are being changed over into the computerized versions, and e-training have gotten well known and has been considered very helpful, the wellspring of data now not simply stop at the library or in the study hall, yet accessible online all over. The second yet not less significant is that it brings individuals extraordinary comfort. With email and numerous informal communities, correspondence currently has gotten simpler than any time in recent memory, as such, the web has opened up another time for correspondence. It is currently very simple for us to make an impression on a companion over the globe in only a last possible second with just a tick, which appeared to be unimaginable 70 years prior. This likewise permit organizations to extend more generally and grow a lot quicker than previously, they can speak with their clients and collaborators, who may live all around the globe by means of Internet. The visit room, gathering and even talk with webcam, which permits you to talk as though the individual you’re conversing with is directly close to you, is presently additionally accessible gratitude to web. Likewise, shopping has had a total makeover by virtue of the commitment of the Internet. Web based shopping presently is advantageous to the point that they have numerous sites selling an assortment of results of items on the web and one simply needs to choose or offer for the ideal item and the whole money related exchanges can be directed through the web. Moving cash no more so cash devouring, with some activity on the console, your cash can be moved securely to where you need it to be. To wrap things up, the whole media outlet has been totally reformed by this brilliant innovation of man. There isn't a requirement for you to go to the film to watch a film any progressively, simply sit back serenely in your lounge chair and appreciate it on your PC. There are currently numerous organizations offering you administrations to let you download the film or may even watch it online through their quick Internet association. Much the same as that, presently you can download your main tunes, recordings, pictures to your PC or PC practically for nothing out of pocket, there are number of programming that permit you to download and share your music and recordings. In addition, Internet gaming currently is well known, it permits gamers to contend with one another on the game regardless of whether they are remaining far separated. The Internet additionally make chances for individuals from various societies and foundation to share their considerations, have a great time and make companions. Moreover, it additionally help individuals finding their perfect partners with web based dating. All in all, cutting edge life and business has gotten simpler and the world markets have contracted gratitude to the tremendous commitment of the web innovation to correspondence and data sharing, it not just takes into consideration ease in correspondence through email yet in addition guarantees simple accessibility of data, pictures, and items in addition to other things, consistently the Internet furnishes us with numerous offices that is colossally helpful and make life a lot simpler for some individuals all around the world. _____________Nguyen Duc Anh †CNN 10A __________

Google Sites Page-Level Permissions Richmond Writing

Google Sites Page-Level Permissions Richmond Writing Google What? I do not often read Googles blog about their documents features, but recently I was looking for an answer to a few questions about Google Sites, the tool that I now use for all of my course syllabi. Unlike traditional web-site builders, Google Sites is collaborative; this is common for wikis, web-site software long popular in K-12 education but rarer in higher education. In doing my reading at Googles blog, I found a game-changer for writing teachers. Sites has quickly become my favorite tool for a few reasons: Its free It offers a navigational sidebar that I like from PBworks wiki It lacks obtrusive advertisements It has the ease of use that Wikispaces offers, but appears even more familiar to MS-Office users. To my knowledge, however, none of Googles smaller competitors, and certainly nothing from the desktop-centric Microsoft empire, offer a creator the ability to grant permissions, by page, to those sharing a site. Google explains the reasons for this feature here. Course-Management Software vs. Sites For years, Ive refused to use BlackBoard because it has made guest access so hard. In my field, writing composition, faculty routinely share lesson plans and syllabi, so Blackboard never met my needs. Our Eng. 383 syllabus has become a model for many other schools training programs precisely because colleagues outside the class can find it with a Web search and view the content. That said, Im pleased that Blackboard, seeing what the competition offers for free, has given faculty a public option for Bb sites. But Ive argued elsewhere that Blackboard is an overpriced transition technology in the age of social media and Web 2.0 shared applications.   Blackboard only recently added such technology to its product. For now, Sites lacks the sort of testing features that Blackboard has, but I dont use quizzes that way. It would be possible, however, to link to an online gradebook created with Google Docs. You can see the results (but not students grades!) in the latest iteration of my Eng. 383 syllabus, used for training Writing Consultants at the University of Richmond. How the Collaboration Works The process of granting permissions for a Google Site is a little tedious at first. I had to invite users to the site with view permissionsand they must have a Gmail account. But to my knowledge it cannot be one the University grants, either, as my site resides on the public servers at Google. Had I known this, I might have set up the site under URs rubric, but that change of service-providers had not occurred when I first set up my Google Site. The nature of collaboration and the presence of multimedia in modern writing classrooms make something like Google Sites, with page permissions enabled, essential to how I teach. That said, Google still needs to add a few features: The ability to archive the site locally A somewhat more streamlined process for adding users. Overall, however, this free tool is phenomenal, and I plan to recommend it to colleagues. Image source: pre-Sites days in Eng. 103 classroom, late 1990s.

History The Women s Movement - 1614 Words

History Culminating - â€Å"X† Assignment: The Women’s Movement Throughout history, Canada’s identity has changed in many ways and there have been many historical events that have greatly shaped and impacted Canada’s history and identity. The Women’s Movement and women’s contribution in the past and throughout history has had the greatest impact on shaping Canada into what it is today. Among many identifying qualities like being multicultural, bilingual, and world leaders, Canada is also country that has changed immensely in the way of becoming a country that has learned to accept women, move towards providing them with equal opportunities and treating them equally. Through economic, social and political movements and actions, the contribution from women and the women’s movement have increased, changed and improved women’s rights and equality greatly. Women worked to create independence and equality economically through their contributions to war on the homefront in WWI resulting in greater workplace equa lity, socially through the actions of the Flappers in the 1920’s giving women currently, the confidence and strength that they need to speak up, and politically, through the work of the Suffragists including the Famous 5 to allow women to have the same political rights as men. The first way that the Women’s Movement significantly impacedt Canada’s history was economically, in WWI. This was the first time the role of women in society and their contributions to the economyShow MoreRelatedWomen s Movement Of History1351 Words   |  6 Pages                                 Women s Movement in History Setitra Y Malcolm Southern New Hampshire University    Women’s Movement in History Through countless decades women have been struggling to be equal to men, both at home, politics and the work place. 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Each country approved women’s suffrage at different times, but it occurred in most European countries in the early 20th century. The first country to develop universal suffrage was Finland in the year 1906(â€Å"Women’s Suffrage in Europe†). One of the last countries to become open about women’s voting rights

What Impact Does Family Size Have On Conformity - 1153 Words

 ¬GROUP INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTION This investigation will focus on; â€Å"What impact does family size have on conformity?† This is an experimental design using quantitative subjective data which is achieved through the form of statistics from questionnaires. The independent variable of family sizes will be tested against individual percentages of conformity. According to the Oxford Dictionaries, The definition of conformity is the behaviour with accordance to socially accepted convention or standards. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016) This experiment is being tested in a controlled environment which is the controlled variable. The reason for this investigation is to either prove or disprove the notion that the effect of family size causes an individual to either conform more or less. This information will be useful in social psychology and similar situations. 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Essay on Assisted Suicide Free Essays

The Ongoing Historical Debate Of Euthanasia The word euthanasia originates from two Greek words, meaning â€Å"good death†. In the most natural state, euthanasia defines a death positively sought after for mankind, in the act of dying and ultimately death. Unfortunately, the term historically and currently leads to debate and manipulation to insinuate a criminal act. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Assisted Suicide or any similar topic only for you Order Now World civilizations must remember the crimes of the past, and fear misplaced power as currently occurring in Darfur, however, the horror of genocide does not belong in the euthanasia debate. The arguments originate from cultural, religious and social values and dictate as well as interfere with the ability to experience a â€Å"good death†. For decades, the world has been experiencing a battle between the advocates and opponents of legalizing euthanasia. While the Euthanasia Act released November 2011 by the Royal Dutch Medical Association outlined new guidelines, there are histories and past cases that need to be studied to fully understand possible implications. The legalization of assisted suicide has increased debate regarding a slippery slope effect due to a turbulent history and the misguided dogma that it will lead to involuntary euthanasia. Historically, the ongoing controversy regarding the slippery slope effect and its pertinence to those who are curable, have surrounded euthanasia placing the experience of dying with dignity, for the terminally ill in jeopardy. An article titled, The Unleashing of the Destruction of Life Devoid of Value, categorizes people who are to be eliminated. The book written by two Germans in 1920, Carl Binding, a doctor of jurisprudence and philosophy, and Alfred Hoche, a medical doctor, labeled burdensome people as â€Å"incurable idiots, mere caricatures of true men whose death create no vacuum. † The book and its contentions are later exemplified, by both the defense and offense, as the origin for condoning the genocidal Holocaust of Nazi Germany in the late 1940’s. Consequently, Nazi Germany proclaimed that the origins of humane euthanasia began prior to Nazi terrorism. Advancements in knowledge and strict guidelines have increased since the early 1900’s; therefore history will not repeat itself, and the original intent of euthanasia can be realized devoid of a slippery slope effect. Slippery Slope arguments have been on the forefront in the euthanasia decriminalization debate since the 1930’s. In the 1930’s, a prophesized slippery slope included the potential for a lack of medical advances to discover a cure for incurable diseases. The medical doctor pledges the Hippocratic Oath to protect and prolong life, but also to relieve suffering. Slippery slope controversies are based on the supposition that despite the fact the law mandates restrictions, parameters will be blurred based upon human nature. The concerns should be navigated and acknowledged, but not dictate the fear of change. Controversies surround the act of dying. Currently, medical development in technology has been increasingly successful in the treatment to prolong life and perpetually relieve pain. The question arises concerning the patient’s rights in making life-sustaining decisions. Public support of painless euthanasia for the terminally ill has increased dramatically. A survey conducted by Blendon and colleagues illustrated that 34 percent in 1950 were in favor, 53 percent in 1973 and 63 percent in 1991. The contemporary issue of assisted suicide exposes deep historical roots by Plato, Aristotle and Pythagoras. The philosophers maintained favor of merciful death, yet condemned murder and suicide. While Plato, Aristotle and Pythagoras historically acknowledged support of euthanasia in the advent of a painful terminal disease, all condemned suicide for other reasons. A branch of Ancient Greece, the Stoics and Roman Philosophy, also accepted euthanasia when pain from a terminal illness became intolerable. However, the initial reign of Christianity in the Roman Empire dramatically altered these views and judged euthanasia intolerable, based upon the Sixth Commandment of, â€Å"Thou shalt not kill†. Saint Augustine’s religious belief dictated that the suffering of an individual as pre- ordained by God and to deny that divine power as an unpardonable sin. The Renaissance period, following the fourteenth century, experienced a softening of belief, the Catholic saint, Sir Thomas More, advocated voluntary euthanasia for the terminally ill. He published, in Utopia, during 1516 that euthanasia as defined for the terminally ill would be a reality in an ideal society. Up until the end of the 1800’s and during the early 1900’s, physicians considered the discussion of euthanasia as a viable option for painful, terminal illness. Not until the advent and repercussions of Nazi Germany, Hitler and the Holocaust did the discussions concerning pro-euthanasia cease. The comfort of the term euthanasia and its intent became an evil crime of horror. The Holocaust claimed 6 million Jews and 3 million gypsies, under the erroneous premise of ethnic cleansing, forever altering the definition and intent of euthanasia. This act does not define euthanasia, it defines murder, yet has become a strong premise in the contemporary debate against humane euthanasia. The evil of Nazi Germany will not be forgotten and the fear of misplaced power should remain, however, it does not have a rightful position in the arguments concerning euthanasia for the terminally ill. The current contemporary issue regarding the Darfur Genocide profoundly illustrates misplaced power and genocide, not euthanasia. Tremendous medical and technological improvements during the late 1950s made it possible to sustain life in terminally ill patients and those in vegetative states for extended periods of time. These medical advancements brought quality-of-life issues to the forefront. The Patient’s Bill of Rights written in 1973 by the American Hospital Association grants the patient the right to reject medicine with informed consent. The United States Constitution also awards citizens the right of freedom of choice, and being in control of one’s life. Oregon became the first state to legalize assisted suicide through the Death with Dignity Act in 1998 and since then 460 people have died via this option. Washington passed the Death with Dignity Act in 2008 with 57. 91 percent approval under the voter initiative I-1000. As of March 4, 2010, 36 people have self-administered the lethal medication via physician’s prescription in Washington State. There have been 63 prescriptions filled, but some opted not to exercise this option, dying via their terminal illness. As of 2012 the only other state to legalize euthanasia for the terminally ill is Montana. The greatest misunderstanding relating to the Death with Dignity Act comes from a common misuse of the term â€Å"assisted suicide. † The power of language and the use of the word â€Å"suicide† exemplify a scare tactic used by those opposed to the law. Suicide identifies a desperate act and generally executed in secrecy. The connotations that are created in religion and moral values regarding suicide are not present. Suicide intentionally ends one’s own life, ending an open-ended life span. Death with dignity enables a choice to shorten an inescapable, impending and painful death of a person who desperately wants to live, but that option does not exist. The choice allows control and dignity in the process of dying. The Act provides a sense of peace, enables communication with healthcare professionals and loved ones; though there still will be sadness it can permit a celebration of one’s life. To support and legally allow a terminally ill person the option to choose the timing for the end of their life illustrates an act of humanity. The pain inherent in the terminally ill is meaningless, eternal and doomed to dramatically increase. A valid measurement does not exist to determine the degree of pain experienced by an individual. Medications relieve a limited amount of the pain, however, medications have proven grossly inadequate in certain cases. A man suffering from prostate cancer said, â€Å"The medication puts me to sleep. As soon as I wake up there’s pain. If I can’t live free of the pain, I’m not living at all, simply existing. † Another patient suffering from pancreatic cancer stated, †I would never have believed that there could be such pain. I am a different person. It’s like having a new set of neurons implanted in my brain, each one producing as much pain as it can. And here I am enjoying the best of American medicine. I am ready to go now. † Indisputably, there are increased advances in studies and medicine; however, there reaches a point when the excessive pain becomes unbearable for the patient. Currently, the contemporary debate continues in the United States, especially amongst religious entities strongly opposing the Death with Dignity Act in Oregon and Washington states. Many religious traditions remain faithful to ancient teachings and beliefs concerning the physical side of life and death. Modern technology and science have discovered new insights and helped some leaders of faith to reconsider. Terminal illness and disease are no longer as large a mystery. Barbara Coombs Lee, President of Compassion ; Choices, a group for the advocacy of aid in dying, has fought against the Catholic Church and their staunch undermining of The Death With Dignity Act. The Catholic Church instigated a movement, To Live Each Day with Dignity; this movement’s intent aggressively increases the assault on end-of-life choices. For many Catholics, the Pope’s directive mandates the final word, a word that directs a judgment without introspection and self thought. Evangelical, Mormon, Protestant and unaffiliated religions also have profiles that dictate their vote. Religious proponents of The Death with Dignity Act religious proponents believe godliness does not exist in allowing a terminally ill person to experience needless suffering. The future of legalized euthanasia will be dependent upon the guidelines, boundaries and law in place to prevent the abuse of euthanasia and honoring it, as was originally intended, a â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia in its true form negates a criminal act as believed by certain cultural, social and religious entities. However, Scott Robinson states in, To Go Among the Saracens, â€Å"Yet the human situation is characterized, above all, by â€Å"forgetfulness,† or â€Å"heedlessness. † Historically, the criminal acts regarded, as euthanasia during Hitler’s reign must be remembered. The slippery slope effect concerning involuntary euthanasia exists as a misguided dogma in the historical debate of legalizing assisted suicide. Consequently, an ongoing political battle will continue throughout the world concerning the contemporary issue of euthanasia. Scientifically, thorough research and philosophical analysis will progress, thus adding to the political dimension and enhancing a deeper understanding of the issue. Bibliography Admiraal, Pieter. â€Å"Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide. † Accessed November 12, 2012. http://biology. franklincollege. du/bioweb/Biology/course_p/bioethics/Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide. doc. Barber, Melissa. â€Å"Death With Dignity Isn’t Suicide. †Ã‚  Death With Dignity National Center, April 25, 2011. http://www. deathwithdignity. org/2011/04/25/death-dignity-isnt-suicide (accessed Novmeber 11, 2012). Simon, Rita J. â€Å"Euthanasia and The Right to Die: Overview. †Ã‚  ABC-CLIO Understanding Controversy and S ociety. http://issues. abc-clio. com/Topics/Display/913372? cid=41;terms=Euthanasia and the Right to Die (accessed October 1, 2012). Lafolette, Hugh. â€Å"Living On a Slippery Slope. † The Journal of Ethics. 9. no. /4 (2005): 475-499. http://www. jstor. org/stable/25115837? seq=1 (accessed October 1, 2012). McKhann, Charles F. Time to Die: The Place for Physician Assistance. Michigan: Yale University Press, 1999. http://washingtonstate. worldcat. org/oclc/47009260 Neumann, Ann. â€Å"The Nation: Keeping the Right to Die Alive. †Ã‚  The Nation, June 16, 2011. (accessed December 6, 2012). http://www. npr. org/2011/06/16/137217016/the-nation-keeping-the-right-to-die-alive â€Å"Religion and Spirituality. †Ã‚  Death With Dignity National Center. http://www. deathwithdignity. org/historyfacts/religion (accessed December 7, 2012). Robinson, Scott. â€Å"To Go Among the Saracens: A Franciscan Composer’s Journey into the House of Islam . †Ã‚  Cross Currents. ( 2007): 417, 420. https://lms. wsu. edu/section/default. asp? id=2012-fall-PULLM-HISTORY-105-28593-LEC (accessed November 11, 2012). S. Frileux, C. Lelievre, M. T. Munoz Sastre, E. Mullet and P. C. Sorum, . â€Å"When is Physician Assisted Suicide or Euthanasia Acceptable?. † Journal Of Medical Eithics. 29. no. 6 (2003): 330-336. http://www. jstor. org/stable/27719114? seq=3 (accessed October 1, 2012). Schaab, Patrick. â€Å"Mercy killings or uncontrolled murder?. â€Å"The Timaru Herald, , sec. National, September 18, 2012. http://www. lexisnexis. com/lnacui2api/results/docview/docview. do? docLinkInd=true;risb=21_ (accessed November 13, 2012). â€Å"Washington State Transforms the Crime of Assisted Suicide Into a â€Å"Medical Treatment†.. †Ã‚  Patients Rights Council. . http://www. patientsrightscouncil. org/site/washington/ (accessed November 12, 2012). Yardley, William. â€Å"Report Finds 36 Died Under Assisted Suicide Law. †Ã‚  The New York Times, March 4, 2010. http://www. nytimes. com/2010/03/05/us/05suicide. html? _r=0 (accessed November12, 2012). ——————————————– 1 ]. Schaab, Patrick. â€Å"Mercy killings or uncontrolled murder?. â€Å"The Timaru Herald, sec. National, September 18, 2012. [ 2 ]. Schaab, Patrick. â€Å"Mercy killings or uncontrolled murder?. â€Å"The Timaru Herald, sec. National, September 18, 2012. [ 3 ]. Lafolette, Hugh . â€Å"Living On a Slippery Slope. † The Journal of Ethics. 9. no. 3/4 (2005): 475-499. [ 4 ]. S. Frileux, C. Lelievre, M. T. Munoz Sastre, E. Mullet and P. C. Sorum, . â€Å"When is Physician Assisted Suicide or Euthanasia Acceptable?. † Journal Of Medical Ethics. 29. no. 6 (2003): 330-336. [ 5 ]. Admiraal, Pieter. â€Å"Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide. Accessed December 6, 2012. [ 6 ]. Simon, Rita J. â€Å"Euthanasia and The Right to Die: Overview. †Ã‚  ABC-CLIO Understanding Controversy and Society. [ 7 ]. Yardley, William. â€Å"Report Finds 36 Died Under Assisted Suicide Law. †Ã‚  The New York Times, March 4, 2010. [ 8 ]. â€Å"Washington State Transforms the Crime of Assisted Suicide Into a â€Å"Medical Treatment†. â€Å". Patients Rights Council. [ 9 ]. Yardley, William. â€Å"Report Finds 36 Died Under Assisted Suicide Law. †Ã‚  The New York Times, March 4, 2010. [ 10 ]. Barber, Melissa. â€Å"Death With Dignity Isn’t Su icide. †Ã‚  Death With Dignity National Center, April 25, 2011. 11 ]. McKhann, Charles F. Time to Die: The Place for Physician Assistance. Michigan: Yale University Press, 1999. [ 12 ]. Religion and Spirituality. †Ã‚  Death With Dignity National Center. [ 13 ]. Neumann, Ann. â€Å"The Nation: Keeping the Right to Die Alive. †Ã‚  The Nation, June 16, 2011. (accessed December 6, 2012). [ 14 ]. Barber, Melissa. â€Å"Death With Dignity Isn’t Suicide. †Ã‚  Death With Dignity National Center, April 25, 2011. [ 15 ]. Robinson, Scott. â€Å"To Go Among the Saracens: A Franciscan Composer’s Journey into the House of Islam . †Ã‚  Cross Currents. ( 2007): 417, 420. How to cite Essay on Assisted Suicide, Essay examples

The Question Of Whether Or Not Marketing Is Comple Essay Example For Students

The Question Of Whether Or Not Marketing Is Comple Essay tely UnethicalThe Question Of Whether Or Not Marketing Is Completely UnethicalThe question of whether or not marketing is completely unethical is thequestion most critics of marketing seem to be focusing their attention on. Ethics provide the basis for deciding whether a particular action is morallygood or morally bad (Britt 553). But, each individual develops differentopinions, moral standards, and values. So, marketers will deal with similarissues differently because there is no correct way to handle any given issue. Marketers face various types of ethical issues in their everyday marketingactivities. Such marketing activities that require marketing managers toutilize their moral values ethically are advertising, packaging and labeling,and global marketing. Advertising is the most criticized of all micro-marketing activities(McCarthy 643). What is considered as unfair or deceptive advertising is verydifficult to pinpoint, because times have changed and continue to change on aday to day basis. What one person may consider unfair or deceptive may not beunfair or deceptive to another person. There are no clear cut guidelines formarketing managers to go by, so they must utilize their own judgement based ontheir own moral standards. But, in the United States their is an administrativeagency that has the power to control unfair or deceptive business practices. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was created in 1914 to prevent unfairmethods of competition in commerce (commercial trade) and unfair or deceptiveacts or practices in commerce (Miller 590). The FTC issues guidelines thatdefine unfair practices and in some instances the FTC will investigatewidespread complaints to seek settlement of the complaint. The FTC has also setforth specific rules to govern certain advertising practices such as bait-and-switch advertising. Bait-and-switch advertising occurs when a selleradvertises a product at a very low price to lure in consumers, but whencustomers come in to purchase the product; the seller either doesnt have theproduct available or the product is of very low quality and the seller thenencourages the customer to purchase a more expensive substitute. The FederalTrade Commission also enforces laws that govern packaging and labeling. In the past, there had been much criticism concerning packaging andlabeling, so much that in 1966 the Federal Fair Packaging and Labeling Act waspassed. The Act requires that labels must be accurate and easily understood byconsumers. The Act also governs packaging descriptions and savings informationthat is disclosed on labels (Miller 529). Marketers face some morally difficultsituation in which they must make ethical decisions. Such a situation could be:The marketers Research and Development department hasmodernized one of the companies products. The product isnt really new andimproved, but the marketer knows that putting that slogan on thepackage and advertising it would increase sale. What should the marketerdo? This is one type of situation that many marketers may face in their careers. If the marketer should decide in favor of such a decision his or her behaviorwould be considered immoral. But, if he or she doesnt decide in favor of theact then he she may be considered an inefficient manager. Marketing managers also face ethical dilemmas about whether theirproducts help or hurt consumers in less developed nations. The marketer mustevaluate the benefit and the risks of serving such nations, then he or she mustweigh those benefits against the risks by using his or her on judgement based onwhat they feel is morally right or wrong. The marketer must also take inconsideration the literacy level in such less-developed nations. .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 , .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .postImageUrl , .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 , .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:hover , .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:visited , .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:active { border:0!important; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:active , .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6 .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d9bc8aed628a0a051b984ecb5151cd6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DIFFUSION OF BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS EssayMarketing ethics are moral standards that guide marketing decisions and actions(McCarthy, 26). Todays companies must form clear policies to guide marketersin their marketing decisions so they can be socially responsible individuals. The decisions that the marketer makes has a big influence on how others see thecompany. The employees must choose between what is in the best interest ofthemselves, the company, or that of society as a whole.

Keeping The Rabble In Line Essays - Foreign Relations, Government

Keeping The Rabble In Line Keeping the Rabble in Line Copyright ? 1994 by Noam Chomsky and David Barsamian Introduction | Next section | Contents | Archive | ZNet The World Bank, GATT and Free Trade April 20, 1992 DB: In 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference in New Hampshire the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were both created. What function do these two major financial entities play? Their early role was in helping to carry through the reconstruction of the state capitalist industrial societies that had been wrecked by the Second World War. After that they shifted to what is called development, which is often a form of controlled underdevelopment in the Third World, which means designing and supporting particular kinds of programs for the Third World. At this point we move into controversy. Their effect, and you can argue about their intention, is overwhelmingly to integrate the South, the old colonial areas, into the global society dominated by concentrated sectors of wealth within the North, the rich society. DB: You know that old song, Where Have All The Flowers Gone? Well, where have all the billions gone? The World Bank has lent tens of billions of dollars. Who lent what to whom exactly? What did it do there? You can't answer that simply. In the advanced industrial societies [that money] helped carry out a reconstruction from postwar damage. In the Third World [lending has] had mixed effects. It's had effects in changing the nature of agriculture, developing infrastructure, steering projects towards particular areas and away from other areas. It's been part of the long process of trying to undercut import substitution and move toward export oriented agriculture. By and large [World Bank loans have] been a subsidiary to the policies of those who control it. The United States has an overwhelming role in the financial institution because of its wealth and power. And the United States and its immediate allies have designed programs of what they called development throughout the world. The money may have gone into anything from dams to agro-export producers to occasionally some peasant project. DB: The International Monetary Fund has been vilified in the Third World for the draconian measures that it has imposed on those developing countries. Take a Latin American country today. There is a huge debt crisis. Remember that the Bretton Woods system basically broke down in the early 1970s. The Bretton Woods system involved regulation of currencies, convertibility of the dollar for gold, all sorts of other rules which essentially made the United States an international banker. By 1970 or so the U.S. could no longer sustain that. It was very advantageous to the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. It allowed enormous overseas investment by American corporations. But by 1970 the U.S. was unable to sustain [the role of international banker]. President Nixon dismantled the system in 1971. That led to an enormous amount of unregulated currency floating around in international channels. The world was awash with unregulated capital, particularly after the rise in the oil prices. Bankers wanted to lend that capital, and they did. They lent it primarily to Third World countries, which means to elite elements. For example, Latin Americ an dictatorships would go on huge borrowing binges. The results were praised in the West as economic miracles, like the Brazilian miracle under the generals which left that country saddled with huge indebtedness. When the 1980s came along, U.S. interest rates went up and started pulling money toward the United States and increasing interest payments on the debt. The Latin American economies started going into free fall. Capital flowed out of them at a rapid rate. They were unable to control their own internal wealthy classes. The capital export from Latin America may not have been at the level of the debt, but it probably wasn't very far below it. There was a flow of hundreds of billions of dollars from south to north, partly debt service, which far outweighs new aid by the late 1980s -- payment of interest on the debt, and so on, and other forms of capital flight. By now, deeply impoverished African countries are even exporting capital to the international lending institutions.

Robespierre essays

Robespierre essays Maximillien Francois Marie Isadore de Robespierre was born on May 6, 1758, in Arras, France.He was known by his contemporaries as The Incorruptible, and also as one of the best leaders of the French Revolution. His family was said to be of Irish descent, emigrating from Ireland. His grandfather established himself as an attorney in Arras and his father followed the same profession. His father married Jacqueline Marguerite Carraut in 1757. Robespierre was eldest of four children. In 1767, Jacqueline Marguerite died, and her husband left Arras, and wandered about Europe until his death in Munich, in 1769. The four children were raised by their maternal grandparents and aunts. He was educated in Paris at the College of Louis-le-Grand and the College of Law. Robespierre became one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution and the most important interpreter of the Reign of Terror. Maximillien Robespierre became a fanatical devotee of the social theories of the French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau. Robespierre was elected as deputy of the Estates- General that convened in May 1789, the eve of the French Revolution. He served on the French National Constituent Assembly, where his skills in public speaking soon commanded attention. In 1790, he was elected president of the Jacobin Club where he became increasingly popular as an enemy of the monarchy and as an advocate of democratic reform. These members did more than just listen to what Maximillien had to say, they idolized him. This fanatical leader had found his followers. The French monarchy fell in August 1792, and Robespierre was elected first deputy for Paris to the National Convention. At this convention, Robespierre urged for the execution of King Louis XVI. In July 1792, Robespierre was elected as a member of the chief executive body and soon gained control of the government. At this point, France was in turmoil. Robespierre aimed toward restorin ...

Mergers and Aquisitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Mergers and Aquisitions - Essay Example This is influenced by the fact that in situational contexts where the market economies are in a funk, firms do not engage in much dealing and trade. Consequently, critique provides that the presence and/ or increase of either activities, provides a positive sign of market confidence. Importantly, is the fact both inert human capacity, as well as ‘investor psychology’ are critical towards ensuring brighter futures. This is essentially what leads to the presence of both economic aspects; aimed at alleviating and bettering existing contexts in the international economic arena. In the U.S., just like other international contexts, mergers and/ or acquisitions, from the late 20th century onwards, experienced an upward surge. This is best represented by mega mergers or acquisitions i.e. Spectra Energy Corp (SE) acquisition by Spectra Energy Partners (SEP), which is the paper’s focus; Tokyo Electronic (TOELY) and Applied Materials (AMAT); US Airways (LCC) acquisition by American Airlines (AAMRQ), and Life Technologies (LIFE) acquisition by Thermo Fisher Scientific (TMO) amongst others in the global arena (InvestorPlace, 2013). The year 2013, though having notched amongst the largest of mergers and acquisitions within recorded human history, it was hardly a year of deal activity; though this did smartly pick up. During the first 9 months, the total volume of U.S. mergers and acquisitions did total to US$865.1 billion; attesting to the great influences, impacts and effects of such economic activities within the global economic sector. Accordingly, Dealogic (a global economic consortium) in its – Dealogic M&A Review [First Nine Months 2013 Final Results Report] – portrays that this figure was a 39% increase, over the same period the previous year. Subsequently, a number of deals did make mega splashes, while others were conducted quietly; with all being influential in the eventual recovery in M&A. such high amounts of monies spent on mergers

Ganga river Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ganga river - Essay Example Here it must be noted that the whole population which lives on the river basin depends on Ganga for agricultural, domestic and industrial water consumption. Taking into account all these facts, it can be confirmed that Ganga as a geographical and cultural element, plays a very important role. To have a critical view on this role, it won’t be enough to limit the analysis to the physical, biological and environmental systems associated with the river. For any analysis to happen, it must be understood that sociologically, the river Ganga is more than a river for the people and the culture associated with it. There are a set of systems ranging from environmental to mythological which combines to constitute the landscape of the river. The objective of this essay is to analyze the role of Ganga as a socio cultural entity and to understand its changing ritualistic relationship with the community. The Geographic spread of Ganga In order to understand the cultural relevance of Ganges, it is primarily important to understand the geographic spread and details of the river. The river covers more than a quarter of the country’s landscape. It comes up to 26.3% of the total area of India (Trivedi , 2010). It is considered to be largest river basin. Ganagotri Glaciers are the primary source of origin of Ganga river. It flows through the Himalayas and flows down the country starting from Haridwar (Trivedi , 2010). Numerous tributaries join Ganga at different parts of its flow through the country. The Ganga-Brahmatutra-Meghna basin of which Ganga basin is a part stretches across to four countries including China, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. However, a major chunk of this lies in India extending up to 80% of the total basin. The river flows through the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh (Trivedi , 2010). Ganga as a sacred river The cultural landscape of the river has evolved in connection with the divine approach that the community associated with the river has linked with. To understand the socio ecological aspects in connection with the river it is important to understand the perception of the population connected with Ganga. The predominant socio religious concepts of India have considered water bodies as sacred. Rivers are perceived as â€Å"extensions and partial manifestations of gods† (Shiva, 2002). The Hindu mythology states that the existence of life on earth has been made possible due to the flow of heavenly water (Shiva, 2002). Connecting, this to the fact that, Himalayas, where The Ganga originates from is considered to be heaven, the mythological relevance of Ganga as a scared river can be assumed. The sacredness of Ganga has been nourished by the socio cultural ambience of the places through which it flows. Ganga flows through a number of scared cities including Haridwar, Rishikesh, Badrinath, Gangotri, Kedarnath, Varanasi and Alla habad. This stretch of landscape stretching across the Himalayan zone and the Indo-Gangetic plain creates an ecological system which connects to the Hindu mythology. This ecological system spreads beyond a physical space. It is a combination of natural resources, mythical concepts, religious structures, biological systems and rituals (Shiva, 2002). The Socio-cultural landscape of Ganga As mentioned earlier, the landscape of Ganga

Gender In Respond To Stress And Overcome Stress Psychology Essay

Gender In Respond To Stress And Overcome Stress Psychology Essay The process of growing, different gender does have different respond on when facing the stress and even the way of copping the stress. In this study, we were targeting with both gender by category their age, race, culture and surrounding issue that influence or change them the point of respond to stress and the way of copping the stress. There are many issue and different causes of creating stress for our daily life but it is not a way for both genders. We could have more understand type of stress is facing on the certain age and different respond both genders. In the study, we had realize that a great changing view respond to stress and overcome the stress in both gender on category age of teenager and adult. Furthermore, changing view of stress found in different culture for both gender. It is reason for when reach an adult age. Working environment has making them change. Stress In this world, our daily life is filled with stress. Stress is a common issue that has become a discussion among researchers. There are many reasons why a person gets involve in a stressful condition. Based on Laheys study, sources of stress can be categorized into five category which are life events, frustration, conflict, pressure and environmental condition (Lahey,2012). Life events is one of the major sources of stress as people need to have adjustments in their life every day, regardless of any situations or conditions (Dohrenwend,2006;Lahey,2012). Negative events such as losing a loved one or losing a home after disaster creates anxiety, depression and physical illnesses and psychological illnesses (Lahey,2012) However, even positive events can be stressful too. Getting a new car or house, graduating from college, getting married are also happy situations where people need time to adjust to their normal living pattern ( Lahey, 2012). Frustration Other source of stress comes from frustration which is the result or decision that could not able to satisfy a motive (Lahey,2012). Continuous dissatisfactory of the results gained such as individuals being subjected to racial discrimination would be able to become major source of stress.(Gallo Matthews; Lahey,2012) Conflict The third source of stress is conflict in which a state of two or more motives cannot be satisfied because they interfere with one another. (Lahey, 2012) Conflict happens when two people have different goals or different opinions in which both of them are trying to get an agreement. In this condition, two major source of stress in conflict are trying to satisfy each other with their different opinions while being aware of each other to accept their individual decision. Pressure Stress can be aroused from pressure in facing threats of negative events ( Lahey, 2012). For example, college students feel pressure due to handing in assignments before dateline and preparing for exams. A single mother will feel pressure when providing provision for her family while performing well in her job. An employee will feel pressure in pleasing the boss with excellent work while competing with other colleague. Environmental conditions The environment that we are surrounded by is also one of the factor that causes stress ( Lahey, 2012). For instance, if a person lives in a an environment filled with noise pollution, chances of an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and respiration is high and hindrance in the digestive processes is possible ( Hughes M., 2010 ) . Introduction Different Gender in Respond to Stress and How Overcome the Stress. There are many reasons that cause stress; even we are still at a young age. We believe that both genders have their own methods in responding to stress. At the same time we also believe that both genders responses to stress can be influence by other aspect. In the sports field, both genders athletes have different methods to cope with stress. Researchers found that women use the coping strategies of venting motions, positive reinterpretation, dissociation, and emotional social support more often than men did to cope with stress. ( Hammermeister Burton 2004; Mark Toto 2009). Besides that, there is another study about racial discrimination and ways on how to cope with stress among African Americans (Utsey, Ponterotto, Reynolds Cancelli, 2000). It was found that between adult men and women, women tend to seek social support more than men do (Flora Rahim, 2006). Based on the studies, we understand that both genders have different ways of coping with stress. Furthermore, genders differences have an effect in anxiety disorders that appears to begin around the age of 6 where female are higher than male with ratio is already 2:1 (Robinson, 2006; Sharon Jennifer, 2011). From the statement we understood that stress begins at the adolescence stage. In the study of Kagan and Lewis (1965), it was found that girls are more mentally developed ahead of boys. Therefore, girls have better response to stress compared to male at the adolescence stage (Walter Terry, 1974). This led us to believe that different stress occurs in adolescence stage. Nevertheless, some studies have evidences that clearly stated the differences between genders affect stress. Girls have higher level of stress than boys do during their teenage years as they are more likely to be more aggressive to have conflict with parent and teacher. (Walter Terry, 1974). Based on the MacFarlane (1970) study, during period high school period, girls slightly manifest more anxiety than boys (Walter Terry, 1974). On other hand, women may also experience more school-related anxiety than men during both stressful events (examinations) as well as the long term events (Martin, 1997). Besides schooling period, a study showed that during college period, women experience more negative images of themselves and they are more likely to manifest neurotic symptoms than male (McKee and Sherriffs,1957 as cited in Walter Terry,1974). Other researches analysis provided us some insight on the differences between male and female supporting staff. There are differences in stress outcomes experienced by male and female workers between the age of 25 to 30 year old (Dr. Zafir Fazilah). A study showed that women suffer more stress from working environment compared to men because women also experience certain unique stressors such as gender inequality as well as experiencing stressors common to both genders (Kristina Stephen, 2004). Besides that, for married couples, it is believed that neighborhood stressors will have greater impact on womens mental health rather than mens (Flora Rahim, 2006).There is a considerable amount of evidence indicating that women are more psychologically and physiologically reactive to stressors than men (Liu, Spector Lin Shi, 2008). Through this study and the statement provided, we found that women have the higher percentage to develop stress compared to men. For ways of coping stress, there is a slight difference between both genders. In a study, adult men were found to resort to alcoholic method more than women (Christopher Alvin, 2009). Based on Jessicas study, since men are taught that it is unacceptable to express their depression to others, they may seek comfort from other sources such as alcohol. Indeed, one argument supported the idea that the different rates of depression between men and women are illusionary is that alcoholism is twice as common in men as in women (Murakumi J., 2002). Discussion Conclusion. After analyzing the studies and research papers related to the topic, our group agreed that the first thesis is different gender respond to stress in different ways. It is confirmed that the thesis we had made matches the evident to support it. Besides that, we found that different response in stress starts during teenage years with female developing faster than male. On the overall view, all members of our group believed that the methods used to cope with stress are different where female are far more mature than male. Furthermore, we found that the stress level is different for both gender at young age with females getting more anxiety and more depression especially in high school period when compared to males. The reason for higher level of females depression in high school is because female starts to gets themselves non-invisible attention in school through usage of make up so that they are able to follow the trend of teenage years. It is the reason that women have high stress ou tcome than men. Hence, it led us to believe that women have the higher risk to have psychological illnesses such as insomnia and anxiety disorder. However, female are better in managing with stress based on a study by Mark and Toto (2009). Female are known to vent their emotions, positive reinterpretation, dissociation, and emotional social support more often than men do. (Mark and Toto, 2009). Yet this does not mean that males are healthier than female. Males often use negative way to cope with stress compared to females. Examples like alcohol and smoking cigarettes are common ways for males to cope with stress. This brings great impact to the body heath such as lung cancer and liver diseases. Nevertheless not all of the male are using the same negative copping stress as males also use positive ways to cope with stress. For example they do sports to cope with their stress. The current statement had reached our other thesis which is that both genders have their different ways to cop e with stress. At the end, our group came out with a thesis that both genders have their own ways to respond to stress and to cope with stress because everyone have their own personality, thinking and stress outcome.

My Childhood Fear Essay

Why do people have fears? Why do we let fears control our lives? I never thought I would ever get over my own fears. These fears made my childhood very difficult and hard to deal with. When I was a kid, I was scared of spiders. As great as my parents were about letting their kids explore the world and letting us develop our own opinions about the organisms we encountered, I think my fear of spiders was largely my dad’s fault. He still tells me stories about how our house would have been â€Å"overrun with black widows – overrun!!† if he hadn’t hauled a can of Raid out into the backyard and sprayed the heck out of every black widow he found once a week. He talked about the sun spider (not a true spider, but still an arachnid) in the laundry closet with a hint of fear and has told me the story with a spider several times. It goes like this. One night, I called out to my dad, telling him that there was a spider in my crib. He looked around and didn’t see anything, so he told me I was dreaming and should go back to sleep. A few minutes later, I called out again, saying that there was a spider in my bed. He looked again and still didn’t see anything. I kept insisting there was a spider, so he eventually started pulling off blankets to prove that there was no spider. Of course there was a spider, THE BIGGEST BLACK WIDOW OF ALL TIME! Or at least that’s how my dad tells it. You’d think this spider was about to devour his beloved firstborn, that I was lucky he was there to save me and vanquish the black widow foe. He wouldn’t ever admit it, but these sorts of stories have led me to believe that my dad migh t have a touch of arachnophobia. When my dad, who is rather fearless and tells stories of brave encounters with rattlesnakes and an angry swarm of yellow jackets, actually showed any sort of fear, it sort of rubbed off on you. So, I was scared of spiders too. I remember growing up thinking that most spiders were dangerous, that killing a spider was better than risking being bitten. I used to be so scared of spiders that I’d have nightmares about them lurking under my blankets. I would wake up in a panic and start ripping off the covers to prove to myself that there wasn’t actually a spider in my bed. I knew there wasn’t a spider in my bed, but then again†¦ My dad had told me that story about the black widow in my crib, so maybe my subconscious mind was trying to tell me something†¦ As I became more and more interested in insects, I learned that the vast majority of spiders really weren’t going to hurt me. I knew that the wolf spider crawling up the wall or the little harmless brown spiders in the basement weren’t going to do anything to me, but the fear persisted. I felt a little stupid for being scared of spiders. But I couldn’t help it. They bothered me. When I was going to school, in the city of my birth, I was imagining that black widows lurked in every corner and I would have daily encounters with all manner of huge spider. Every now and again I would envision a spider crawling up the back of my couch while I was doing homework or something and it would make me shiver just a little. So, how did I get over my fear of spiders? I don’t know how or why it worked, but I told myself to ignore the spiders and suddenly they stopped bothering me. No more spider nightmares! They can crawl all over me and I don’t care. Black widows are beautiful spiders and I love to watch them. I enjoy seeing the big orb weaver spiders when I’m in the sorts of habitats where they’re found. Sun spiders – spectacular animals! And who doesn’t love a good jumping spider? I might not pick spiders up, just in case I misidentify one I shouldn’t handle or have a strange reaction to tarantula hairs (those things make me itch like mad!), but I’m perfectly okay with spiders living in and around my house. Sometimes I knock their webs down as I dust, but otherwise they’ve got a pretty good thing going living with me. I just don’t care that they’re there. All in all, I am happy I went on that field trip. Forcing myself to walk through the spiders to get to the pond seems to have done me a world of good. Now, if only I could get over my fear of centipedes†¦

Case Note: Winfield Refuse Management, Inc.: Raising Debt vs. Equity

Case: Winfield Refuse Management, Inc. : Raising Debt vs. Equity I. Case situation: Decision Proof: 1. First part: â€Å"†¦ , it was Sheene's responsibility to lead the discussion on how to finance a major acquisition†¦ reach a resolution this time. † 2. Last part: â€Å"Board Discussion†,†However, there was decidedly less agreement on the matter of financing†¦ † 3. The article is about background and arguments about whether to raising debt or equity. II. Options: Funding the acquisition through a bond issue or common stock? III. Creteria: 1. Maximum the interest of shareholders/not hurt the existing shareholders' interest. . Stable the stock price and make stock value growth. 3. Solidify its competitive position in the Midwest and make expansion. IV. Analysis of options: 1. Approval of Issuing stock: -Lower cost than bond: ‘the principal repayments on the bond mean an additional $6. 25 million cash outlay every year and it is over 9% of the bond issue. ‘ -‘Lower risk than bond: debt burden will increase risk and will lead to wild swings in the stock price. ‘ 2. Approval of Issuing bond: -Issuing stock would hurt shareholders: the Winfield's shares is now undervalued and issuing more shares would be a disservice to share holders. Weaken the control of Winfield family and a gift to new share holders -EPS would go up: using debt the EPS would go up to $2. 51, on the other hand, the stock issuing would make EPS decrease to $1. 91. -Other major player(competitors) rely on long-term debt in the capital structures. V. Other information: History of Winfield Refuse: -†In 40 years after 1972, the company grew through a combination of organic growth and strategic acquisitions. † >growth history: company amalgamation >Experienced -†During the 1980s, professional management had been brought in. ‘ >Family control -†a consistent policy of avoiding long-term debt† >Risk aversi on -†very steady cash flows and 1991 pubblic stock offering† >Grow sound and already has stocks in market Expansion Opportunity: -â€Å"The management team had proven successful in the post-acquisition phase, avoiding undue actively seeking a larger acquisition target to solidify its competitive position in the Midwest. † >Experienced and well-controlled in management â€Å"As chief financial officer of Winfield Refuse Management, a vertically integrated, how to finance a major acquisition. >CFO: get oriented > identify problems > analysis > decision â€Å"†¦ a waste management operator collected the waste and then processed it for recovery, combustion for energy recovery†¦ † >company: provide new energy, environmental protection â€Å"†¦ generated very steady cash flows. † >take safe with steady cash flow â€Å"†¦ adhered to a consistent policy of avoiding long-term debt† >capability? How many shares did the company issue in the market? â€Å"The Winfield family and senior management held 79% of the common stock. † >The CFO missed the point about ratio of family control. 15 million family 80% = $11,850,000 others 20% $22. 5 million family 52% = $11,850,000 others 48% > The family control would be weakened and it may hurt family interest if issuing stocks. What's more, if one of the family member sold his/her share, the Winfield Refuse Management, Inc would no longer be a family company. â€Å"The management team had proven successful in the post-acquisition phase†¦ † >The company maybe experienced in integrating new companies into its operations but no experience in big companies. The company now has many branches but all in one industry. †¦ had consistently produced 12%-13% operating margins every year for the past 10 years. † >This figure did not compare to the average or competitors in this industry. Exhibit 2 â€Å"operating revenue: 2008: 371,868; 2009: 379. 457â €  >The company make through financial crisis. How? Exhibit 3 â€Å"2011 Total assets: $748,681; Total liabilities and stockholders equity: $749,681† >Debt Asset ratio: Total Debt/Total Assets =1 High debt to assets ratio indicate low borrowing capacity of a firm, and lower the firm's financial flexibility.Exhibit 3 >The issued bond is fixed-rate bond or variable bond? What other equity does the company have? (building, trucks, etc. ) Plus: Approval of Issuing stock: As the article mentioned, â€Å"The Winfield family and senior management held 79% of the common stock† and the fact that the company's stock is undervalued, if the company chose issuing strike, the senior management may own more shares and the change of the stock's price may benefit or hurt them. So issuing strike will motivate senior managers or other employees who own the stocks.

About CAD and BIM Software for Architects

The letters CAD stand for computer-aided design. BIM is an acronym for Building Information Modeling. These applications are the software tools of architects, drafters, engineers, and builders. Various types of software can create plans, construction drawings, precise lists of building materials, and even instructions on how and when to put together the parts. The first two letters of each acronym define the software and their derivatives — CA- is Computer-Aided software for many design projects, including computer-aided engineering (CAE), computer-aided design and manufacturing (CADAM), and computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application (CATIA); BI- is all about Building Information. CAD and BIM are usually pronounced like words. Before the art of papermaking made its way from China to Europe, structures were built with no written plans or documentation — a process that no doubt introduced the change order. Hundreds of years ago, before the age of computers, drawings and blueprints were drafted by hand. Today, every architecture studio is filled with computers, as well as paper. Lines are still drawn to represent the length and width of walls and openings, but the information about the lines is also kept by computer programs. For constructing and designing things, CAD and BIM are more efficient than paper and pencil because the application records lines as vectors based on mathematical equations. Using algorithms or sets of directions, software programs allow designers to twist, stretch, and move portions of a drawing, testing a design under a variety of conditions and circumstances. The digital lines automatically adjust in 2D (height and width), 3D (height, width, and depth), and 4D (3D plus time). W hat is called 4D BIM brings efficiency to the construction process by adding the element of time  Ã¢â‚¬â€ sequencing events in the architecture process. About CAD The idea of designing with the help of computers began in the 1960s with the growth of automobile and aerospace companies. The CAD industry became firmly established in the 1970s with software and hardware sold together in very expensive, dedicated machines. It wasnt until the 1980s that personal computing (PC) was possible and affordable, with the goal of having a PC on every desk in the office. CAD is also known as CADD, which stands for Computer-Aided Design Drafting. Patrick Hanratty is the name you hear most as the developer of a usable drafting software system. CAD software let the designer become more efficient, and in business time is money. With CAD a designer could switch between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) views; zoom in and out for close-up and distant views; rotate images to view them from different perspectives; manipulate the shape of images; and  change the scale of images  Ã¢â‚¬â€ when one value changed, related values automatically adjust. About BIM Many building and design professionals have moved from CAD to BIM or Building Information Modeling applications for many reasons, including its advanced capabilities for parametric modeling. All components of built structures have information. For example, imagine a 2-by-4. You visualize the component because of its information. A computer can do this for thousands of components, so an architect can easily change a design model by changing the information that makes up the design. This flexibility without redrawing can produce interesting and daring designs that can be tested without risk and at little cost.   The construction process is integrated with the design process. After a design is complete, the BIM application lists the component parts for the builder to put together. BIM software not only digitally represents the physical, but also the functional aspects of a building. Combined with file-sharing and collaboration software (cloud computing), BIM files can be tweaked and updated across all parties in the project — sectors of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry.  BIM keeps track of the nuts and bolts of design, literally. Some call this aspect of the process 4D BIM. In addition to the length, width, and depth dimensions, the fourth dimension (4D) is time. BIM software can track a project through time as well as the three spacial dimensions. Its clash detection abilities red-flag system conflicts before construction begins. BIM software doesnt do anything that architects and designers havent been doing all along — the integrated databases of information simply improve a projects productivity and safety. Another dimension that can be manipulated is pricing of labor and cost of materials — sometimes called 5D BIM. What if the windows and doors are different? or the bay window is prefabricated? or the tile comes from Italy? Integrated budgeting can lessen cost overruns — theoretically. Some call BIM CAD on steroids, because it can do what 3D CAD can do and more. Its most common use is in commercial construction. If a project is very complicated, more complicated software is often used in order to save money in the form of time and effort. So, why doesnt BIM always save money for the consumer? Dollars saved on design can be moved into more expensive construction materials (why not use marble?) or overtime pay to hurry the pace of construction. It can also line the pockets and coffers of other projects, but thats another story. BIM Has Changed the Way We Work As architectural firms have made the change in software, BIM use has also demonstrates a philosophical change in doing business — from paper-based, proprietary ways (the CAD approach) to collaborative, information-based operations (the BIM approach). Construction law attorneys have addressed many of the legal concerns surrounding an inclusive, shared process of design and construction. Issues of risk and liability should be clearly defined in any contract where information is shared and design drawings can be freely manipulated. Who owns all of this information when the project is complete? Sometimes called 6D BIM, the operations and maintenance manual collated from a projects information can be an invaluable byproduct for any owner of a new building. CAD and BIM Programs Popular CAD programs used by architects, engineers, builders and home designers include:AutoCAD by autoDeskMicrostation PowerDraft by BentleyArchitectural Home Design Software by Chief ArchitectSketchup by Trimble.Simplified versions of CAD tools can be found in home design software tailored for nonprofessionals. Home Designer  by Chief Architect is one such product line.Popular BIM programs used by architects, engineers, and builders include:Revit by AutodeskAECOsim Building Designer from Bentley SystemsARCHICAD by GraphisoftVectorworks Architect  from Nemetschek Vectorworks CAD and BIM Standards in the United States The National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART allianceâ„ ¢ develops and publishes consensus-based standards for both CAD and BIM. Standards help the many groups involved in building projects to more easily share information. They are The United States National CAD Standard (NCS) and The National BIM Standard — United Statesâ„ ¢ (NBIMS-USâ„ ¢). Help Deciding Change is difficult. It was laborious for the ancient Greeks to write down their temple plans. It was frightening for human drafting machines to sit next to the first personal computer. It was awkward for the CAD specialists to learn BIM from the intern right out of architecture school. Many companies make changes during construction slowdowns, when billable hours are few and far between. But everyone knows this: many commercial projects begin with a competition put out to bid, and a competitive edge becomes more difficult without change.   Computer software is complicated even for the technically savvy architect. Private companies have grown up around these complications, with the aim of helping small businesses and corporations buy the appropriate software for their needs. Companies like the online Capterra will help you find the right software for your business —  for free by using a business model similar to travel agents helping you for free. Capterra is free for users because vendors pay us when they receive web traffic and sales opportunities. Capterra directories list all vendors—not just those that pay us—so that you can make the best-informed purchase decision possible. A good deal, if you trust and respect your consultant and know what youre getting into. The Capterra.list of Architecture Software is a good start.